Pump.



H. A. BARDEEN & F. W. HARRIS.

PUMP.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 19M. ma ma. Patented July 27, 1915. 3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

H. .A. BARDEEN & F. W. HARRIS.

PUMP. APPLIQATION FILED MAY 2 I914- Patented July 27, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

na m

H. A. BARDEEN & F. W. HARRIS. PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY2,19I4.

Patented July 27, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUGH A. BARDEEN AND FORD W. HARRIS, F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNORS TOTHE BARDEEN CORPORATION, 013 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A: CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

Specification. of Letters Patent. Patented July 27, 1915'- Application filed May 2, 1914. Serial No. 835,947.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that we, HUGH A. BARDEEN and Form W. HARn1s,'both citizens of the United States, and both residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Pump, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to pumps, and is particularly adapted for use in connection with pumps which handle abrasive or gritty mixtures.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a pump for pumping gritty material, such as a mixture of sand or silt, and water, in which the mixture will not be admitted to the cylinder of the pump, and a further object of the invention is to provide 'means for retaining lubricating material in the cylinder of the pump, both of these objects producing long wear and low maintenance cost in such pumps. These objects are accomplished by placing an intermediate chamber between the ordinary inlet and out let valves of the pump and the working cylinder, the suction stroke of the piston drawing thegritty or abrasive material into the chamber through the inlet valve and the pressure stroke forcing the gritty material out of the chamber through the outlet valve, the chamber being so located and of such a size that the gritty material does not directly enter the working cylinder.

In the pumping of mud laden fluids used in oil well drilling the chips or cuttings from the well and the solid particles that make up the mud are heavier than the waten in which they are carried, and it is a further object of our invention to locate the outlet valve near the bottom of said chamber, the working cylinder being connected to the top of said chamber so'that the heavy I gritty materials naturally tend to fall to the outlet Valve away from the cylinder.

When pumps arranged as above described are operated for considerable periods there is a tendency for the clean liquld in the cylinder to become contaminated by its constant association with the gritty liquid in the chamber, the lighter particles of gritty, or abrasive material being lifted .into the working cylinder by the movement of the f clear liquid. A- further object of our inven tion is to provide means by which the clean 7 liquid in the top of the chamber may be constantly renewed while the pump is in operation so as to provide a constant supply of clean liquid in the cylinder.

Where there is no great tendency for the clean and gritty liquids to mix, it is not necessary to have this extra supply of clean liquid running constantly, it being merely necessary to periodically renew the clean liquid and flush out the working parts, and

it is a further object of our invention to provide means by which such periodic flushing may be accomplished while the pump is in operation.

In any pumping system there are liable to be leaks through which air may be drawn, and in our peculiar arrangement of pump with the outlet valve at the bottom of the chamber any air that enters the chamber gathers in the top of the chamber and forms an elastic cushion which may prevent the pump from operating against high pressures.

It is a further object of our invention to provide means for collecting this trapped air and forcing it from the chamber. For expelling this air we utilize the pressure stroke of the pump. It is essential that no air be drawn into the chamber on the suction stroke through the air relief opening, and it is a further object of our invention to provide means to prevent this.

Further objects and advantages will appear hereinafter. I

Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pump, partly in section, adapted to be used in connection with the invention. Fig. 2 is a section on the plane w az of Fig. 1, looking in the direction.

' valve means used in the invention. Fig. 5 is a section on the plane v -m Fig. .4. Fig. 6

, is a section on the plane w -m Fig. 4. Fig.

7 is an elevation, partly in section, of apparatus embodying one application of the invention.

. In the drawings, 1 is a pump which is illustrated by Figs 1, 2 and} and which consists of a plurality of steam cylinders 2 and of pump cylinders 3 and 4, the steam and pump pistons being connected by piston rods 5to which is attached any standard form of valve gear 6. Pistons 7 and 8 are attached to the piston rods 5 and move in the cylinders 3 and 4 respectively, the piston 7 dividing the cylinder 3 into two chambers 9 and 10 which communicate through openings 11 with valve chambers 12 and 13. The piston 8 divides the cylinder 4 into similar chambers communicating in a similar manner with similar valve chambers. A suction chamber 14, which is closed by a head 15, is located between the cylinders 3 and 4 and extends under the valve chambers 12 and 13 and the similar valve chambers of the cylinder 4. Openings 16 provide communication between the suction chamber 14 and the valve chambers 12 and 13, as well as the similar chambers of the cylinder 4. Inlet valves 17, 18, 19 and 20 normally close these openings by means of springs 21, these valves being held in the chambers by means of covers 22 which are secured in place by means of arms 23 held down by nuts 24 on bolts 25. A pressure chamber 26 is formed above the valve chambers 12 and 13, and openings 27 communicate between the pressure chamber 26 and the valve chambers 12 and 13 and the similar valve chambers of the cylinder 4. The above structure is old in the art, being that commonly employed in the oil well industry, but when so employed pressure chamber 26, closingthe openings 27 in which case the pump draws fluid into the suction chamber 14 through a pipe 76 in the head 15, this fluid passing through the openings 16 into the valve chambers 12 and 13 'with the movement of the piston 7, and is expelled from the valve chambers 12 and 13 through the openings27 into the pressure chamber 26-upon a reverse movement of the piston 7. In the drilling of oil wells, for example, a mud isused and the constant movement of this mud through the cylinders of the pumps wears the cylinders and the pistons. In our invention, whichin the openings 27 in the pressure chamber 26; packing 32, retained by flanges 33, serving to make a watertight joint around the openings 27. Arms 34, secured by nuts'35 on bolts 36, press upon flanges 37 secured to the pipes 28, 29, 30 and 31 and retain them in place. The pipes 28, 29, 30 and 31 eX- chambers 49, 50, 51 and 52.

ressure valves similar to the inlet, valves 1 18, 19 and 20 are placed in the tend upwardly into "PS 371, each of which structure 46. The pipes 28, 29, 30, 31, 40,

42,43, 44, and 45 with their connecting parts form the intermediate chambers previously referred to, the pipes 42, 43, 44, and 45 forming the chambers proper and the pipes 28, 29, 30, 31, and 40 forming convenient means for connecting the cylinders to the chambers. This valve structure 46 is illustratedby Figs. 4, 5 and 6, and consists of a casting in which is formed a suction cham ber 47, a pressure chamber 48 and four valve The pipes'42, 43, 44 and 45 extend downwardly and enter the valve chambers 49, 50, 51 and 52 through a series of openings 53 in the side thereof by means of short nipples 54 and elbows 55. The pipes 42, 43, 44 and 45 are of sutficient length so that their cubical contents are considerably in excess of the cubical contents of the cylinders 3 and 4 of the pump 1. Each of the valve chambers 49, 50, 51 and 52 is provided with a pressure port 56 and a suction port 57 communicating respectively, with the pressure chambers 48 and suction chambers 47. Valves 58 forced downwardly by springs 59 normally cover the ports 56 and 57, and caps 60 close openings 61 in the top of the valve structure 46, these caps 60 being held down by arms 62 secured by nuts 63 on studs 64. A pressure pipe '65 is in open communication with the pres is an oil well in the process of construction in which a bit 69 is rotated by means of a tubing 70 by a rotary table 71, this tubing 7 0 extending upwardly through the table and 'being connected by means of a swivel joint 72 with a flexible pipe 73 which is in turn connected to the pressure pipe 65 previously described. Small openings 74 are provided in the bit 69, mud being forced downward through the tubing 7 O and through the openings 74 and rising in the well 68, overflowing into a sump-hole 7 5 into which. the suction pipe 66 extends. Mud is used for the purpose of partially cementing the walls of the well and assisting the cutting action of the bit 69. This mudvcontains not only clay, which is added for this purpose, but also contains the cuttings from the bit 69 which are carried upwardly thereby, the mud forming a very abrasive substance and one which has a very destructive cutting action on the metal parts, such as the pis- 40, 42, 43, 44 and 45 a liquid which is not abrasive and which is preferably a good lubricator, crude oil, or the like, being used in many cases for this purpose. The valve 77 being opened, the pump is started and this clean or lubricating fluid is drawn into the interior of the cylinders 3 and 4 through the openings 16, the valves 12 and 13 lifting for this purpose. Upon a reverse movement of the pistons 7 and 8 this clean fluid is lifted in the pipes 28, 29, 30 and 31 and passes over into the valve structure 46, being lifted in the pipe 65. -When a sufficient quantity of clean fluid has been pumped to fill the interior of the various parts described, the valve 77 is closed thus shutting off the flow of clean fluid. No flow of fluid then takes place through the openings 16, the movements of'the pistons 7 and 8 simply causing a pulsating movement of this clean fluid in the pipes 42, 43, 44 and 45. As the piston 7 moves in one direction it tends to raise the fluid in the pipe 43 and thus tends to cause a partial vacuum in the valve chamber 50. This is relieved by lifting of the valve 58 against the action of the spring 59, thus opening the suction port 57 into the suction chamber 47 and admitting mud from the sump hole-75 through the pipe 66 and the exhaust chamber 47 to the pipe 43. A continued movement of the piston in the same direction tends to partly fill the pipe 43 with this thick mud, the pipe 43 being of suflicient length so that it is never entirely filled even when the piston has taken up its extreme position. When the piston reverses its direction of motion,;the clean fluid in the pipe 40 pressing downwardly upon the mud in the pipe 43 forces this mud out of the valve chamber 50 through the opening 56 into the pressure chamber 48, and from thence into the pipe 65, and

through the flexible pipe 73 into the tubing 70. The action in all of the pipes 42, 43, 44 and 45 is exactly similar to that already described, these pipes being filled with mud on the exhaust stroke of the piston, and the contents thereof are forced into the pipes 65 on the pressurestroke of the piston, the pressure valves covering the port 56 tending 'to hold any pressure produced in the pipe 65.

It is evident that at anytime it is desired to introduce additional water into the interior of the well that this can be done by opening the valve 77 through which clean water under. pressure may be admitted, being pumped by the pistons 7 and 8 into the pipe 65 through the valve structure 46. While the valve structure 46 tends to wear, due to the passing of the mud through it, by aproper manipulation of the valve 77 mud and grit can be almost entirely kept out of the cylinders 3 and 4 and the life of the cylinders and pistons is greatly prolonged.

At certain times during the operation of our invention, there is a tendency for air to collect in the pipes 28 to 45 inclusive, and this air naturally tends to rise and collect in the pipes 40. Pet cocks'39 are provided for blowing off this air, and the check valves 38 are provided being arranged to prevent air from entering the pipes 40 through the pet cocks 39. Where oil is available we prefer to supply it through the pipe 76 and to use it in the pipes 42, 43,

44, and 45, for pressing upon-the top of the mud drawn into these pipes, in place of the clean Water previously described. Crude oil has the great advantage of lubricating the cylinders 3 and 4 and the pistons 7 p and 8.

Where the supply of water is limited, or where it is desired to maintain a very thick mud in the well, we find it advisable to allow the pipe 76 to dip into the top of the water in the sump hole 75. The mud having a tendency to settle, this water is relatively clean. In some cases we provide a filler on the end of the pipe 76 and allow it to dip deeply into the sump hole. In either case the valve 77 is partially closed so that only a small amount of water is taken therethrough at each stroke of the pump, the

2. A pump for handling gritty or abrasive material'comprising an intermediate chamber, valve means for admitting gritty or abrasive material to the bottom of said chamber, valvemea-ns for permitting said material to escape from the bottom of said chamber, a body of non-abrasive fluid in the top of saidchamber, means for forcing said non-abrasive fluid in and out of said chamber, and means-for supplying fresh nonabrasive fluid as the original supply becomes contaminated by contact with the abrasive material.

3. Apump for handling gritty or abrasive material comprising an intermediate chamber, valve means for admitting gritty or abrasive material to the bottom of said chamber, valve means for permitting said material to escape from the bottom of said chamber, a body of non-abrasive fluid in the top of said chamber, means for forcing said non-abrasive fluid in and out of said chamber, means for collecting and discharging any air that accumulates in said chamber, and means for supplying fresh nonabrasive fluid as theoriginal supply becomes contaminated by contact with the abrasive material.

4. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

5. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said. inlet valve into said cylinder, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

6. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, means for collecting and withdrawing any trapped air from said chamher, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

7. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said inlet valve into said cylinder, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, means for collecting and withdrawing any trapped air from said chamber, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said' chamber, and

an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

8. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder. a pet cock in an opening communicating with said chamber through which air may be forced from said chamber, a check valve to prevent air from being drawn into said chamber through said pet cock opening, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

9. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said inlet valve into said cylinder, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, a pet cock in an opening communicating with said'chamber through which air may be forced from said chamber, a check valve to prevent air from being drawn into said chamber through said pet cock opening, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

10. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with. the interior of said cylinder, said chamber having a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an out let valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

'11. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said inlet valve into said cylinder, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, said chamber having a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber,

and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

12. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet Valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, said chamber having a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, means for collecting and withdrawing any trapped air from said chamber, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

13. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said inlet valve into said cylinder, Walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, said chamber having a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, means for collecting and withdrawing any trapped air from said chamber, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

14. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, said chamber having a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, a pet cock in an opening communicating with said chamber through which air may be forced from said chamber, a check valve to prevent air from being drawn into said chamber through said pet cock opening, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

15. In a pump a working cylinder, means in said cylinder for increasing and decreasing its cubical contents, an inlet valve for said cylinder, means for supplying clear liquid to said cylinder through said inlet valve, means for regulating the supply of clear liquid passing through said inlet valve into said cylinder, walls forming an intermediate chamber in open communication with the interior of said cylinder, said chamberhaving a cubical content in excess of the cubical contents of said cylinder, a pet cock in an opening communicating with said chamber through which air may be forced from said chamber, a check valve to prevent .air from being drawn into said chamber through said pet cock opening, an inlet valve for admitting abrasive liquid to said chamber, and an outlet valve through which the abrasive liquid is forced from said chamber.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands at Los Angeles, California, this 24th day of April, 1914.

" HUGH A. BARDEEN. FORD W. HARRIS.

In presence of FRED A. MANSFIELD, P. H. SHELTON. 

